Mongolia celebrated the birth of its 3,000,000th citizen in early 2015 and ranks 138th globally in terms of population.

It is the country with the lowest population density in the world at 1.7 inhabitants per square kilometre, ahead of Namibia (2.1 per km²).

Mongolia's population growth rate is estimated at 1.2% (est. 2007).

Approximately 59% of the total population is under 30 years old, and 27% of them are under 14. This relatively young and growing population places significant constraints on the country's economy.