Numerous traces of ancient human races exist across present-day Mongolie, including archaeological discoveries in the White Cave of Bayanlig and stone tools found in the Uran Khairkhan hills in Baatsagaan district, Bayankhongor province. Based on these findings, it is highly probable that human beings inhabited the territory of Mongolie approximately 700,000 years ago.

There exists a hypothesis suggesting that Mongolie was the cradle of the very first human species on Earth. This presumption is based on the physical appearance of Mongols. Mongols possess straight black hair, a broad forehead, narrow eyes, thick eyelashes, a short nose, prominent cheekbones, a developed chest, and a slender waist. These human beings were products of Mongolie's climatic and natural conditions during that era. Forty thousand years ago, man created tools and Homo Sapiens emerged. Subsequently, with increasing resources and the emergence of private property, the clan structure collapsed.

Mongolia bears the vestiges of this distant past, and petroglyphs and other sculptures are found across numerous prehistoric sites, principally from the Paleolithic and Bronze Age periods.

The sites of Zuraagiin Ulaan, Khad, and the Chuluut River represent rare examples of Neolithic art. The petroglyphs of Zuraagiin Ulaan were painted using natural ochre pigments and have endured thousands of years thanks to Mongolie's arid climate. Human figures and an enigmatic "X" are depicted there. At Khad, one can find inscriptions carved into the stone. The upper sculptures depict domesticated cattle and elk; in the middle, numerous symbols appear, some of which scholars believe represent human figures. Below these, humans are depicted more distinctly.