Mongolia lies on traditional migration routes between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, extending to the Mediterranean Sea, the Arctic Ocean, and the tundra. During spring and autumn migration periods, the country hosts over 400 bird species, including many rare and protected species. There are also 70 ornithologically important regions across the territory.

In the Gobi Desert, you'll encounter the Desert Warbler, Houbara Bustard, Desert Sparrow, Bar-headed Goose, finches, Bearded Vulture, and many others.

In the steppes: the Demoiselle Crane, various species of hoopoes, eagles, Upland Buzzard, Steppe Eagle, and several falcon varieties including the Saker Falcon and Black Kite, owls, and buzzards.

In the mountains: the Ptarmigan, finches, magpies, owls, Lammergeier, and Altai Snowcock.

On the lakes: the Dalmatian Pelican, Hooded Crane, Relict Gull, and Bar-headed Goose.

There's no need to venture far from the capital to observe birds—several national parks and nature reserves just hours away offer spectacular viewing opportunities, notably the Gun-Galuut Nature Reserve, Ogii Lake, Khogno Khan National Park, and the Orkhon Valley.